Pedestrian And Evacuation Dynamics 2025. This study proposed a modified social force model that combines dynamic hazard and emotional contagion frameworks to investigate the effect of panic on pedestrian. The modelling of evacuation and pedestrian dynamics has expanded from physical models to include different psychosocial processes that take into account decision making and group.

Nonreciprocal interactions in crowd dynamics: Pedestrian evacuation simulation is vital for urban civil engineers.